![]() Patients with increased lipoproteins in plasma.Description: typically bilateral, yellow, flat plaques on the upper eyelids (nasal side).Larger body areas, e.g., trunk, neck, shoulders.Type III hyperlipoproteinemia ( ↑ VLDL levels).Extensor tendons of hands and Achilles tendon.Severe hypercholesterinemia ( ↑ LDL and/or VLDL levels).Firm, painless, reddish-yellow nodules located in pressure areas.Lipoprotein lipase deficiency ( familial hyperchylomicronemia ). ![]() Hypertriglyceridemia ( chylomicron or VLDL ).Buttocks, back, and extensor surfaces of the extremities.Ye llow pa pules with an erythematous border.Treatment includes vitamin E supplementation. Symptoms usually appear during childhood and mainly consist of failure to thrive, steatorrhea, and signs of vitamin E deficiency. The main treatment modalities are lifestyle modifications and lipid-lowering agents such as statins.Ībetalipoproteinemia is a congenital lipid disorder in which a deficiency of apolipoproteins (hypolipoproteinemia) leads to impaired intestinal absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Lipid-lowering therapy is indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with LDL > 190 mg/dL, diabetes mellitus, and established ASCVD, and should be considered for other patients based on individual ASCVD risk. A serum lipid panel includes total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels. Lipid disorders are usually detected during laboratory testing as part of an ASCVD risk assessment. Hyperlipidemia resulting from single-gene disorders, e.g., familial hypercholesterolemia, can cause severe elevations in lipoprotein levels and early atherosclerotic complications. Hyperlipidemia is most commonly a result of genetic predisposition in combination with lifestyle factors (e.g., diet, lack of activity, alcohol consumption). They are generally characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and/or lipoproteins in the blood, which are often associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ASCVD). Lipid disorders encompass a spectrum of metabolic conditions that affect blood lipid levels.
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